Reliability study on rheological and cracking behavior of mastics using different sized particles

The objective of this present work was to evaluate the rheological and cracking behavior of mastics fabricated with different sized particles and asphalt types. Two asphalts (base and modified) and three fillers with different sized particles (C, M and F) were investigated. The rheological functions including the creep and recovery property and the fatigue property were measured by multiple stress creep-recovery (MSCR) and time sweep (TS) tests, respectively, while the cracking behavior of asphalt materials was investigated using extensile (ES) tests. Moreover, the dispersion characteristics of various sized particles inside a bituminous matrix and the associated mastic morphology were assessed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results revealed that the presence of coarse-sized particles in matrix increased the non-recoverable compliance and fracture energy but decreased fatigue life of the mastics. The presence of medium-sized particles in matrix enhanced the high-temperature elasticity recovery behavior and degraded the low-temperature fracture energy and the cohesive strength of asphalt mastics, regardless of asphalt types. When filler particle size dropped down to a minimum dimension, asphalt type had negligible effects on the fatigue response and exerted a positive effect on the low-temperature cohesive strength for the related mastics. In addition, the dispersion characteristics of various sized particles inside a bituminous matrix and the associated mastic morphology can account for the rheological response and cracking behavior of the corresponding mastics.     

磷改性USY分子筛催化剂上四氢萘选择性开环反应性能

通过P改性对USY分子筛酸量进行调节,考察酸量对四氢萘选择性开环反应的影响。结果表明,P改性后USY分子筛弱酸量增加,中强酸略增,强酸基本不变,P_(0.5)-USY分子筛弱酸量增加有利于四氢萘生成不饱和开环产物。负载贵金属Pt后,Pt_(0.4)/P_(0.5)-USY催化剂上四氢萘转化率99.37%,开环选择性40.79%,贵金属Pt的引入对结焦前驱体的生成有抑制作用。     

异构脱蜡润滑油基础油降浊点催化剂的研制

在实验室自主研发了降浊点催化剂,考察了催化剂金属含量、载体改性等对催化剂性能的影响,以异构脱蜡装置生产的高黏度润滑油基础油为原料进行催化活性评价,并对催化剂进行长周期寿命试验。结果表明,制备的催化剂可以大幅度降低高黏度润滑油的浊点并能长周期稳定运行。     

Upgrading of bio-oil distillation bottoms into biorenewable calcined coke

Depleting fossil fuel sources necessitate renewable substitutes for petroleum-based co-products. Fast pyrolysis of biomass generates a hydrocarbon liquid (“bio-oil”) amenable to distillation and/or hydrotreatment into hydrocarbon blendstocks. Biorefineries must add value through parallel generation of co-products. We demonstrated a straightforward conversion of bio-oil distillate bottoms into calcined coke. The solid residue was subjected to calcination at 1200 °C for 1 h under N₂ atmosphere. The dry calcined product contained 96–99% carbon, was free from sulfur (<0.05% mass fraction), and contained a mass fraction of 0.2–1.1% ash. XRD confirmed steady increases in crystallite size with both devolatilization and calcination. FTIR spectroscopy indicated a loss of functional groups after calcination, except two broad peaks representing C–C and C–O. Temperature programmed oxidation (TPO) of the bottoms before and after calcination illustrates an increasing structural order via the increasing temperature(s) necessary to oxidize the samples. SEM images reveal bubbly morphologies similar to the industrially-favored sponge coke. The electrical resistivity of calcined coke samples measured to be < 1.6 mΩ-m, which closely falls in line with specifications for carbon anodes. Due to the aforementioned qualities and biomass origin, biorenewable calcined coke is an improved alternative to petroleum coke and can find application in carbon anodes, steel carburization, and graphite synthesis.     

C10烯醛液相加氢催化剂的性能评价

以工业C₁₀烯醛为原料,采用液相加氢法制备2-丙基-1-庚醇,考察了自主研发的C₁₀烯醛加氢催化剂的性能,并与国外同类催化剂进行了对比。结果表明:随着反应温度升高,C₁₀醇的总收率逐渐增大;当反应温度在150~170℃时,与进口催化剂相比,国产催化剂C₁₀醇的总收率和对C₁₀醇的选择性分别增加了1.0,0.5~1.0个百分点,C₁₀烯醛转化率相同(均达到100%);在反应温度为150~160℃的条件下,国产催化剂连续运行2000 h后,性能稳定,C₁₀醇的总收率为97.0%~99.1%,C₁₀烯醛转化率最高可达99.4%。     

采用环烷基减压渣油生产润滑油基础油

采用三段高压加氢工艺(加氢处理-异构脱蜡-补充精制),以海洋环烷基减压渣油经丙烷脱沥青工艺所得的脱沥青油为原料,生产润滑油基础油。结果表明:在脱沥青油加氢处理反应压力为15 MPa,氢油体积比为1 000∶1,体积空速为0.4 h~(-1),反应温度为385或382℃;异构脱蜡反应压力为15 MPa,氢油体积比800∶1,体积空速为0.8 h~(-1),反应温度为340或345℃;补充精制反应温度为260℃的条件下,所得生成油中大于490℃馏分可达到150 BS光亮油的要求;≥280～360℃馏分可用于生产变压器油基础油;≥360～420℃馏分可用于生产橡胶增塑剂环烷基矿物油产品;≥420～490℃馏分可用于生产橡胶增塑剂环烷基矿物油产品。润滑油馏分总收率占脱沥青油的85%以上,150 BS光亮油收率约占脱沥青油的40%。     

Observations in the structural response of adhesive bondline defects

In terms of adhesively bonded repairs there are two main concerns with regard to structural integrity. These are the effect of debonds and weak bondlines on the load transfer and durability of the joint. The influence of load transfer depends on the stiffness of the bondline. When this is degraded the out-of-plane deformation of the joint will be modified locally. Observation of the out-of-plane deformation is a key in the identification of weakened bondline and represents an indication that either poor surface preparation or aging effects have occurred. Holographic interferometry has been used to better understand the structural response of bondline defects, both debonds and weak bonds. The interferogram fringe patterns show the structural response and indicate whether the bondline has been broken or is weakly bonded. The significance of this observation is that weak bonds do affect the structural load response of the bondline in a number of ways. This effect is due to the reduction in bondline stiffness.     

糠醛萃取-高压加氢组合工艺生产高芳橡胶增塑剂的研究

以中海油SZ36-1减三馏分油为原料,在实验室采用两段糠醛萃取工艺和两段糠醛萃取+高压加氢精制组合工艺进行生产高芳烃橡胶增塑剂的研究。结果表明,采用两段糠醛萃取+高压加氢组合工艺可以生产C_A值高于25%的橡胶增塑剂产品;生产C_A值为21%以上的橡胶增塑剂,其收率占减三馏分油的43%以上,各项性质满足国标GB/T 33322-2016《橡胶增塑剂芳香基矿物油》A1820的指标要求。     

国内环烷基原油减压渣油生产150BS光亮油工艺研究及收率预测

以国内几种典型环烷基原油减压渣油的轻脱油为原料,采用高压加氢中试装置进行150BS光亮油的生产工艺实验室研究,并对150BS光亮油的收率进行预测。研究结果表明,虽然环烷基原油来源不同,性质各有差异,采用相同的反应压力、体积空速、氢油比,得到黏度指数为80以上的150BS光亮油,其高压加氢处理反应温度均为382℃左右;采用全加氢工艺时,150BS光亮油的收率可以用■的数学表达式进行预测。     

器外预硫化催化剂加氢脱酸性能研究

为探索器内硫化与器外预硫化催化剂的催化活性,采用等体积浸渍法制备同一批次镍-钨氧化态催化剂,分别采用器内硫化与器外预硫化得到3种不同的催化剂,考察3种新鲜催化剂的物化性质、催化活性和使用后催化剂的物化性质。结果表明：随着催化剂上硫化物负载量增加,预硫化催化剂的表观密度增加,比表面积、孔容、平均孔径均降低,同时预硫化催化剂在各个孔径范围内的分布均降低;3种催化剂中高负载硫的器外预硫化催化剂上W ⁴⁺态金属和NiWS活性相原子分数最高,器内硫化催化剂次之,低负载硫的器外预硫化催化剂最低;在反应压力为3.0 MPa、空速为1.0 h ^-1、氢油体积比为400∶1条件下,以绥中常二线、减三线馏分油为原料在不同反应温度下评价催化剂的活性,高负载硫的器外预硫化催化剂的脱酸、脱硫、脱氮活性最高,器内硫化催化剂次之,低负载硫的器外预硫化催化剂的催化活性最差。